_backend_tk.py

from contextlib import contextmanager
import logging
import math
import os.path
import sys
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.simpledialog import SimpleDialog
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.messagebox

import numpy as np

import matplotlib
from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook, rcParams
from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, NavigationToolbar2,
    StatusbarBase, TimerBase, ToolContainerBase, cursors)
from matplotlib.backend_managers import ToolManager
from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.widgets import SubplotTool
from . import _tkagg

try:
    from ._tkagg import Win32_GetForegroundWindow, Win32_SetForegroundWindow
except ImportError:
    @contextmanager
    def _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
        yield
else:
    @contextmanager
    def _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
        foreground = Win32_GetForegroundWindow()
        try:
            yield
        finally:
            if rcParams['tk.window_focus']:
                Win32_SetForegroundWindow(foreground)


_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

backend_version = tk.TkVersion

# the true dots per inch on the screen; should be display dependent
# see http://groups.google.com/groups?q=screen+dpi+x11&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&safe=off&selm=7077.26e81ad5%40swift.cs.tcd.ie&rnum=5 for some info about screen dpi
PIXELS_PER_INCH = 75

cursord = {
    cursors.MOVE: "fleur",
    cursors.HAND: "hand2",
    cursors.POINTER: "arrow",
    cursors.SELECT_REGION: "tcross",
    cursors.WAIT: "watch",
    }


def blit(photoimage, aggimage, offsets, bbox=None):
    """
    Blit *aggimage* to *photoimage*.

    *offsets* is a tuple describing how to fill the ``offset`` field of the
    ``Tk_PhotoImageBlock`` struct: it should be (0, 1, 2, 3) for RGBA8888 data,
    (2, 1, 0, 3) for little-endian ARBG32 (i.e. GBRA8888) data and (1, 2, 3, 0)
    for big-endian ARGB32 (i.e. ARGB8888) data.

    If *bbox* is passed, it defines the region that gets blitted.
    """
    data = np.asarray(aggimage)
    height, width = data.shape[:2]
    dataptr = (height, width, data.ctypes.data)
    if bbox is not None:
        (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = bbox.__array__()
        bboxptr = (math.floor(x1), math.ceil(x2),
                   math.floor(y1), math.ceil(y2))
    else:
        photoimage.blank()
        bboxptr = (0, width, 0, height)
    _tkagg.blit(
        photoimage.tk.interpaddr(), str(photoimage), dataptr, offsets, bboxptr)


class TimerTk(TimerBase):
    '''
    Subclass of :class:`backend_bases.TimerBase` that uses Tk's timer events.

    Attributes
    ----------
    interval : int
        The time between timer events in milliseconds. Default is 1000 ms.
    single_shot : bool
        Boolean flag indicating whether this timer should operate as single
        shot (run once and then stop). Defaults to False.
    callbacks : list
        Stores list of (func, args) tuples that will be called upon timer
        events. This list can be manipulated directly, or the functions
        `add_callback` and `remove_callback` can be used.

    '''
    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        TimerBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.parent = parent
        self._timer = None

    def _timer_start(self):
        self._timer_stop()
        self._timer = self.parent.after(self._interval, self._on_timer)

    def _timer_stop(self):
        if self._timer is not None:
            self.parent.after_cancel(self._timer)
        self._timer = None

    def _on_timer(self):
        TimerBase._on_timer(self)

        # Tk after() is only a single shot, so we need to add code here to
        # reset the timer if we're not operating in single shot mode.  However,
        # if _timer is None, this means that _timer_stop has been called; so
        # don't recreate the timer in that case.
        if not self._single and self._timer:
            self._timer = self.parent.after(self._interval, self._on_timer)
        else:
            self._timer = None


class FigureCanvasTk(FigureCanvasBase):
    keyvald = {65507: 'control',
               65505: 'shift',
               65513: 'alt',
               65515: 'super',
               65508: 'control',
               65506: 'shift',
               65514: 'alt',
               65361: 'left',
               65362: 'up',
               65363: 'right',
               65364: 'down',
               65307: 'escape',
               65470: 'f1',
               65471: 'f2',
               65472: 'f3',
               65473: 'f4',
               65474: 'f5',
               65475: 'f6',
               65476: 'f7',
               65477: 'f8',
               65478: 'f9',
               65479: 'f10',
               65480: 'f11',
               65481: 'f12',
               65300: 'scroll_lock',
               65299: 'break',
               65288: 'backspace',
               65293: 'enter',
               65379: 'insert',
               65535: 'delete',
               65360: 'home',
               65367: 'end',
               65365: 'pageup',
               65366: 'pagedown',
               65438: '0',
               65436: '1',
               65433: '2',
               65435: '3',
               65430: '4',
               65437: '5',
               65432: '6',
               65429: '7',
               65431: '8',
               65434: '9',
               65451: '+',
               65453: '-',
               65450: '*',
               65455: '/',
               65439: 'dec',
               65421: 'enter',
               }

    _keycode_lookup = {
                       262145: 'control',
                       524320: 'alt',
                       524352: 'alt',
                       1048584: 'super',
                       1048592: 'super',
                       131074: 'shift',
                       131076: 'shift',
                       }
    """_keycode_lookup is used for badly mapped (i.e. no event.key_sym set)
       keys on apple keyboards."""

    def __init__(self, figure, master=None, resize_callback=None):
        super(FigureCanvasTk, self).__init__(figure)
        self._idle = True
        self._idle_callback = None
        t1, t2, w, h = self.figure.bbox.bounds
        w, h = int(w), int(h)
        self._tkcanvas = tk.Canvas(
            master=master, background="white",
            width=w, height=h, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
        self._tkphoto = tk.PhotoImage(
            master=self._tkcanvas, width=w, height=h)
        self._tkcanvas.create_image(w//2, h//2, image=self._tkphoto)
        self._resize_callback = resize_callback
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Configure>", self.resize)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Key>", self.key_press)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Motion>", self.motion_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Enter>", self.enter_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Leave>", self.leave_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<KeyRelease>", self.key_release)
        for name in "<Button-1>", "<Button-2>", "<Button-3>":
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_press_event)
        for name in "<Double-Button-1>", "<Double-Button-2>", "<Double-Button-3>":
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_dblclick_event)
        for name in "<ButtonRelease-1>", "<ButtonRelease-2>", "<ButtonRelease-3>":
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_release_event)

        # Mouse wheel on Linux generates button 4/5 events
        for name in "<Button-4>", "<Button-5>":
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.scroll_event)
        # Mouse wheel for windows goes to the window with the focus.
        # Since the canvas won't usually have the focus, bind the
        # event to the window containing the canvas instead.
        # See http://wiki.tcl.tk/3893 (mousewheel) for details
        root = self._tkcanvas.winfo_toplevel()
        root.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_event_windows, "+")

        # Can't get destroy events by binding to _tkcanvas. Therefore, bind
        # to the window and filter.
        def filter_destroy(evt):
            if evt.widget is self._tkcanvas:
                self._master.update_idletasks()
                self.close_event()
        root.bind("<Destroy>", filter_destroy, "+")

        self._master = master
        self._tkcanvas.focus_set()

    def resize(self, event):
        width, height = event.width, event.height
        if self._resize_callback is not None:
            self._resize_callback(event)

        # compute desired figure size in inches
        dpival = self.figure.dpi
        winch = width / dpival
        hinch = height / dpival
        self.figure.set_size_inches(winch, hinch, forward=False)

        self._tkcanvas.delete(self._tkphoto)
        self._tkphoto = tk.PhotoImage(
            master=self._tkcanvas, width=int(width), height=int(height))
        self._tkcanvas.create_image(
            int(width / 2), int(height / 2), image=self._tkphoto)
        self.resize_event()
        self.draw()

        # a resizing will in general move the pointer position
        # relative to the canvas, so process it as a motion notify
        # event.  An intended side effect of this call is to allow
        # window raises (which trigger a resize) to get the cursor
        # position to the mpl event framework so key presses which are
        # over the axes will work w/o clicks or explicit motion
        self._update_pointer_position(event)

    def _update_pointer_position(self, guiEvent=None):
        """
        Figure out if we are inside the canvas or not and update the
        canvas enter/leave events
        """
        # if the pointer if over the canvas, set the lastx and lasty
        # attrs of the canvas so it can process event w/o mouse click
        # or move

        # the window's upper, left coords in screen coords
        xw = self._tkcanvas.winfo_rootx()
        yw = self._tkcanvas.winfo_rooty()
        # the pointer's location in screen coords
        xp, yp = self._tkcanvas.winfo_pointerxy()

        # not figure out the canvas coordinates of the pointer
        xc = xp - xw
        yc = yp - yw

        # flip top/bottom
        yc = self.figure.bbox.height - yc

        # JDH: this method was written originally to get the pointer
        # location to the backend lastx and lasty attrs so that events
        # like KeyEvent can be handled without mouse events.  e.g., if
        # the cursor is already above the axes, then key presses like
        # 'g' should toggle the grid.  In order for this to work in
        # backend_bases, the canvas needs to know _lastx and _lasty.
        # There are three ways to get this info the canvas:
        #
        # 1) set it explicitly
        #
        # 2) call enter/leave events explicitly.  The downside of this
        #    in the impl below is that enter could be repeatedly
        #    triggered if the mouse is over the axes and one is
        #    resizing with the keyboard.  This is not entirely bad,
        #    because the mouse position relative to the canvas is
        #    changing, but it may be surprising to get repeated entries
        #    without leaves
        #
        # 3) process it as a motion notify event.  This also has pros
        #    and cons.  The mouse is moving relative to the window, but
        #    this may surprise an event handler writer who is getting
        #   motion_notify_events even if the mouse has not moved

        # here are the three scenarios
        if 1:
            # just manually set it
            self._lastx, self._lasty = xc, yc
        elif 0:
            # alternate implementation: process it as a motion
            FigureCanvasBase.motion_notify_event(self, xc, yc, guiEvent)
        elif 0:
            # alternate implementation -- process enter/leave events
            # instead of motion/notify
            if self.figure.bbox.contains(xc, yc):
                self.enter_notify_event(guiEvent, xy=(xc, yc))
            else:
                self.leave_notify_event(guiEvent)

    def draw_idle(self):
        # docstring inherited
        if not self._idle:
            return

        self._idle = False

        def idle_draw(*args):
            try:
                self.draw()
            finally:
                self._idle = True

        self._idle_callback = self._tkcanvas.after_idle(idle_draw)

    def get_tk_widget(self):
        """returns the Tk widget used to implement FigureCanvasTkAgg.
        Although the initial implementation uses a Tk canvas,  this routine
        is intended to hide that fact.
        """
        return self._tkcanvas

    def motion_notify_event(self, event):
        x = event.x
        # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
        y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y
        FigureCanvasBase.motion_notify_event(self, x, y, guiEvent=event)

    def enter_notify_event(self, event):
        x = event.x
        # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
        y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y
        FigureCanvasBase.enter_notify_event(self, guiEvent=event, xy=(x, y))

    def button_press_event(self, event, dblclick=False):
        x = event.x
        # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
        y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y
        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)

        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
            # 2 and 3 were reversed on the OSX platform I tested under tkagg.
            if num == 2:
                num = 3
            elif num == 3:
                num = 2

        FigureCanvasBase.button_press_event(
            self, x, y, num, dblclick=dblclick, guiEvent=event)

    def button_dblclick_event(self, event):
        self.button_press_event(event, dblclick=True)

    def button_release_event(self, event):
        x = event.x
        # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
        y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y

        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)

        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
            # 2 and 3 were reversed on the OSX platform I tested under tkagg.
            if num == 2:
                num = 3
            elif num == 3:
                num = 2

        FigureCanvasBase.button_release_event(self, x, y, num, guiEvent=event)

    def scroll_event(self, event):
        x = event.x
        y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y
        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)
        step = 1 if num == 4 else -1 if num == 5 else 0
        FigureCanvasBase.scroll_event(self, x, y, step, guiEvent=event)

    def scroll_event_windows(self, event):
        """MouseWheel event processor"""
        # need to find the window that contains the mouse
        w = event.widget.winfo_containing(event.x_root, event.y_root)
        if w == self._tkcanvas:
            x = event.x_root - w.winfo_rootx()
            y = event.y_root - w.winfo_rooty()
            y = self.figure.bbox.height - y
            step = event.delta/120.
            FigureCanvasBase.scroll_event(self, x, y, step, guiEvent=event)

    def _get_key(self, event):
        val = event.keysym_num
        if val in self.keyvald:
            key = self.keyvald[val]
        elif (val == 0 and sys.platform == 'darwin'
              and event.keycode in self._keycode_lookup):
            key = self._keycode_lookup[event.keycode]
        elif val < 256:
            key = chr(val)
        else:
            key = None

        # add modifier keys to the key string. Bit details originate from
        # http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-events-and-bindings.htm
        # BIT_SHIFT = 0x001; BIT_CAPSLOCK = 0x002; BIT_CONTROL = 0x004;
        # BIT_LEFT_ALT = 0x008; BIT_NUMLOCK = 0x010; BIT_RIGHT_ALT = 0x080;
        # BIT_MB_1 = 0x100; BIT_MB_2 = 0x200; BIT_MB_3 = 0x400;
        # In general, the modifier key is excluded from the modifier flag,
        # however this is not the case on "darwin", so double check that
        # we aren't adding repeat modifier flags to a modifier key.
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            modifiers = [(17, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         ]
        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
            modifiers = [(3, 'super', 'super'),
                         (4, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         ]
        else:
            modifiers = [(6, 'super', 'super'),
                         (3, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         ]

        if key is not None:
            # shift is not added to the keys as this is already accounted for
            for bitmask, prefix, key_name in modifiers:
                if event.state & (1 << bitmask) and key_name not in key:
                    key = '{0}+{1}'.format(prefix, key)

        return key

    def key_press(self, event):
        key = self._get_key(event)
        FigureCanvasBase.key_press_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)

    def key_release(self, event):
        key = self._get_key(event)
        FigureCanvasBase.key_release_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)

    def new_timer(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # docstring inherited
        return TimerTk(self._tkcanvas, *args, **kwargs)

    def flush_events(self):
        # docstring inherited
        self._master.update()


class FigureManagerTk(FigureManagerBase):
    """
    Attributes
    ----------
    canvas : `FigureCanvas`
        The FigureCanvas instance
    num : int or str
        The Figure number
    toolbar : tk.Toolbar
        The tk.Toolbar
    window : tk.Window
        The tk.Window

    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, num, window):
        FigureManagerBase.__init__(self, canvas, num)
        self.window = window
        self.window.withdraw()
        self.set_window_title("Figure %d" % num)
        self.canvas = canvas
        # If using toolmanager it has to be present when initializing the
        # toolbar
        self.toolmanager = self._get_toolmanager()
        # packing toolbar first, because if space is getting low, last packed
        # widget is getting shrunk first (-> the canvas)
        self.toolbar = self._get_toolbar()
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        self._num = num

        self.statusbar = None

        if self.toolmanager:
            backend_tools.add_tools_to_manager(self.toolmanager)
            if self.toolbar:
                backend_tools.add_tools_to_container(self.toolbar)
                self.statusbar = StatusbarTk(self.window, self.toolmanager)

        self._shown = False

    def _get_toolbar(self):
        if matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
            toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.window)
        elif matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
            toolbar = ToolbarTk(self.toolmanager, self.window)
        else:
            toolbar = None
        return toolbar

    def _get_toolmanager(self):
        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
            toolmanager = ToolManager(self.canvas.figure)
        else:
            toolmanager = None
        return toolmanager

    def resize(self, width, height):
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.master.geometry("%dx%d" % (width, height))

        if self.toolbar is not None:
            self.toolbar.configure(width=width)

    def show(self):
        """
        this function doesn't segfault but causes the
        PyEval_RestoreThread: NULL state bug on win32
        """
        with _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
            if not self._shown:
                def destroy(*args):
                    self.window = None
                    Gcf.destroy(self._num)
                self.canvas._tkcanvas.bind("<Destroy>", destroy)
                self.window.deiconify()
            else:
                self.canvas.draw_idle()
            # Raise the new window.
            self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 1)
            self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 0)
            self._shown = True

    def destroy(self, *args):
        if self.window is not None:
            #self.toolbar.destroy()
            if self.canvas._idle_callback:
                self.canvas._tkcanvas.after_cancel(self.canvas._idle_callback)
            self.window.destroy()
        if Gcf.get_num_fig_managers() == 0:
            if self.window is not None:
                self.window.quit()
        self.window = None

    def get_window_title(self):
        return self.window.wm_title()

    def set_window_title(self, title):
        self.window.wm_title(title)

    def full_screen_toggle(self):
        is_fullscreen = bool(self.window.attributes('-fullscreen'))
        self.window.attributes('-fullscreen', not is_fullscreen)


class NavigationToolbar2Tk(NavigationToolbar2, tk.Frame):
    """
    Attributes
    ----------
    canvas : `FigureCanvas`
        the figure canvas on which to operate
    win : tk.Window
        the tk.Window which owns this toolbar

    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, window):
        self.canvas = canvas
        # Avoid using self.window (prefer self.canvas.manager.window), so that
        # Tool implementations can reuse the methods.
        self.window = window
        NavigationToolbar2.__init__(self, canvas)

    def destroy(self, *args):
        del self.message
        tk.Frame.destroy(self, *args)

    def set_message(self, s):
        self.message.set(s)

    def draw_rubberband(self, event, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        height = self.canvas.figure.bbox.height
        y0 = height - y0
        y1 = height - y1
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
        self.lastrect = self.canvas._tkcanvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1)

    def release(self, event):
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
            del self.lastrect

    def set_cursor(self, cursor):
        window = self.canvas.manager.window
        window.configure(cursor=cursord[cursor])
        window.update_idletasks()

    def _Button(self, text, file, command, extension='.gif'):
        img_file = os.path.join(
            rcParams['datapath'], 'images', file + extension)
        im = tk.PhotoImage(master=self, file=img_file)
        b = tk.Button(
            master=self, text=text, padx=2, pady=2, image=im, command=command)
        b._ntimage = im
        b.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        return b

    def _Spacer(self):
        # Buttons are 30px high. Make this 26px tall +2px padding to center it.
        s = tk.Frame(
            master=self, height=26, relief=tk.RIDGE, pady=2, bg="DarkGray")
        s.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        return s

    def _init_toolbar(self):
        xmin, xmax = self.canvas.figure.bbox.intervalx
        height, width = 50, xmax-xmin
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master=self.window,
                          width=int(width), height=int(height),
                          borderwidth=2)

        self.update()  # Make axes menu

        for text, tooltip_text, image_file, callback in self.toolitems:
            if text is None:
                # Add a spacer; return value is unused.
                self._Spacer()
            else:
                button = self._Button(text=text, file=image_file,
                                      command=getattr(self, callback))
                if tooltip_text is not None:
                    ToolTip.createToolTip(button, tooltip_text)

        self.message = tk.StringVar(master=self)
        self._message_label = tk.Label(master=self, textvariable=self.message)
        self._message_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
        self.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

    def configure_subplots(self):
        toolfig = Figure(figsize=(6, 3))
        window = tk.Toplevel()
        canvas = type(self.canvas)(toolfig, master=window)
        toolfig.subplots_adjust(top=0.9)
        canvas.tool = SubplotTool(self.canvas.figure, toolfig)
        canvas.draw()
        canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        window.grab_set()

    def save_figure(self, *args):
        filetypes = self.canvas.get_supported_filetypes().copy()
        default_filetype = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()

        # Tk doesn't provide a way to choose a default filetype,
        # so we just have to put it first
        default_filetype_name = filetypes.pop(default_filetype)
        sorted_filetypes = ([(default_filetype, default_filetype_name)]
                            + sorted(filetypes.items()))
        tk_filetypes = [(name, '*.%s' % ext) for ext, name in sorted_filetypes]

        # adding a default extension seems to break the
        # asksaveasfilename dialog when you choose various save types
        # from the dropdown.  Passing in the empty string seems to
        # work - JDH!
        #defaultextension = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()
        defaultextension = ''
        initialdir = os.path.expanduser(rcParams['savefig.directory'])
        initialfile = self.canvas.get_default_filename()
        fname = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
            master=self.canvas.manager.window,
            title='Save the figure',
            filetypes=tk_filetypes,
            defaultextension=defaultextension,
            initialdir=initialdir,
            initialfile=initialfile,
            )

        if fname in ["", ()]:
            return
        # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (i.e., use cwd).
        if initialdir != "":
            rcParams['savefig.directory'] = (
                os.path.dirname(str(fname)))
        try:
            # This method will handle the delegation to the correct type
            self.canvas.figure.savefig(fname)
        except Exception as e:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror("Error saving file", str(e))

    def set_active(self, ind):
        self._ind = ind
        self._active = [self._axes[i] for i in self._ind]

    def update(self):
        self._axes = self.canvas.figure.axes
        with _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
            NavigationToolbar2.update(self)


class ToolTip(object):
    """
    Tooltip recipe from
    http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2006_07_01.shtml#e387
    """
    @staticmethod
    def createToolTip(widget, text):
        toolTip = ToolTip(widget)
        def enter(event):
            toolTip.showtip(text)
        def leave(event):
            toolTip.hidetip()
        widget.bind('<Enter>', enter)
        widget.bind('<Leave>', leave)

    def __init__(self, widget):
        self.widget = widget
        self.tipwindow = None
        self.id = None
        self.x = self.y = 0

    def showtip(self, text):
        "Display text in tooltip window"
        self.text = text
        if self.tipwindow or not self.text:
            return
        x, y, _, _ = self.widget.bbox("insert")
        x = x + self.widget.winfo_rootx() + 27
        y = y + self.widget.winfo_rooty()
        self.tipwindow = tw = tk.Toplevel(self.widget)
        tw.wm_overrideredirect(1)
        tw.wm_geometry("+%d+%d" % (x, y))
        try:
            # For Mac OS
            tw.tk.call("::tk::unsupported::MacWindowStyle",
                       "style", tw._w,
                       "help", "noActivates")
        except tk.TclError:
            pass
        label = tk.Label(tw, text=self.text, justify=tk.LEFT,
                         background="#ffffe0", relief=tk.SOLID, borderwidth=1)
        label.pack(ipadx=1)

    def hidetip(self):
        tw = self.tipwindow
        self.tipwindow = None
        if tw:
            tw.destroy()


class RubberbandTk(backend_tools.RubberbandBase):
    def draw_rubberband(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        height = self.figure.canvas.figure.bbox.height
        y0 = height - y0
        y1 = height - y1
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
        self.lastrect = self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas.create_rectangle(
            x0, y0, x1, y1)

    def remove_rubberband(self):
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
            del self.lastrect


class SetCursorTk(backend_tools.SetCursorBase):
    def set_cursor(self, cursor):
        NavigationToolbar2Tk.set_cursor(
            self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar(), cursor)


class ToolbarTk(ToolContainerBase, tk.Frame):
    _icon_extension = '.gif'

    def __init__(self, toolmanager, window):
        ToolContainerBase.__init__(self, toolmanager)
        xmin, xmax = self.toolmanager.canvas.figure.bbox.intervalx
        height, width = 50, xmax - xmin
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master=window,
                          width=int(width), height=int(height),
                          borderwidth=2)
        self._toolitems = {}
        self.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self._groups = {}

    def add_toolitem(
            self, name, group, position, image_file, description, toggle):
        frame = self._get_groupframe(group)
        button = self._Button(name, image_file, toggle, frame)
        if description is not None:
            ToolTip.createToolTip(button, description)
        self._toolitems.setdefault(name, [])
        self._toolitems[name].append(button)

    def _get_groupframe(self, group):
        if group not in self._groups:
            if self._groups:
                self._add_separator()
            frame = tk.Frame(master=self, borderwidth=0)
            frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)
            self._groups[group] = frame
        return self._groups[group]

    def _add_separator(self):
        separator = tk.Frame(master=self, bd=5, width=1, bg='black')
        separator.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y, padx=2)

    def _Button(self, text, image_file, toggle, frame):
        if image_file is not None:
            im = tk.PhotoImage(master=self, file=image_file)
        else:
            im = None

        if not toggle:
            b = tk.Button(master=frame, text=text, padx=2, pady=2, image=im,
                          command=lambda: self._button_click(text))
        else:
            # There is a bug in tkinter included in some python 3.6 versions
            # that without this variable, produces a "visual" toggling of
            # other near checkbuttons
            # https://bugs.python.org/issue29402
            # https://bugs.python.org/issue25684
            var = tk.IntVar()
            b = tk.Checkbutton(master=frame, text=text, padx=2, pady=2,
                               image=im, indicatoron=False,
                               command=lambda: self._button_click(text),
                               variable=var)
        b._ntimage = im
        b.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        return b

    def _button_click(self, name):
        self.trigger_tool(name)

    def toggle_toolitem(self, name, toggled):
        if name not in self._toolitems:
            return
        for toolitem in self._toolitems[name]:
            if toggled:
                toolitem.select()
            else:
                toolitem.deselect()

    def remove_toolitem(self, name):
        for toolitem in self._toolitems[name]:
            toolitem.pack_forget()
        del self._toolitems[name]


class StatusbarTk(StatusbarBase, tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, window, *args, **kwargs):
        StatusbarBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        xmin, xmax = self.toolmanager.canvas.figure.bbox.intervalx
        height, width = 50, xmax - xmin
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master=window,
                          width=int(width), height=int(height),
                          borderwidth=2)
        self._message = tk.StringVar(master=self)
        self._message_label = tk.Label(master=self, textvariable=self._message)
        self._message_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
        self.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)

    def set_message(self, s):
        self._message.set(s)


class SaveFigureTk(backend_tools.SaveFigureBase):
    def trigger(self, *args):
        NavigationToolbar2Tk.save_figure(
            self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar())


class ConfigureSubplotsTk(backend_tools.ConfigureSubplotsBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        backend_tools.ConfigureSubplotsBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.window = None

    def trigger(self, *args):
        self.init_window()
        self.window.lift()

    def init_window(self):
        if self.window:
            return

        toolfig = Figure(figsize=(6, 3))
        self.window = tk.Tk()

        canvas = type(self.canvas)(toolfig, master=self.window)
        toolfig.subplots_adjust(top=0.9)
        SubplotTool(self.figure, toolfig)
        canvas.draw()
        canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)

    def destroy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.window.destroy()
        self.window = None


class HelpTk(backend_tools.ToolHelpBase):
    def trigger(self, *args):
        dialog = SimpleDialog(
            self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas, self._get_help_text(), ["OK"])
        dialog.done = lambda num: dialog.frame.master.withdraw()


backend_tools.ToolSaveFigure = SaveFigureTk
backend_tools.ToolConfigureSubplots = ConfigureSubplotsTk
backend_tools.ToolSetCursor = SetCursorTk
backend_tools.ToolRubberband = RubberbandTk
backend_tools.ToolHelp = HelpTk
backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboard = backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboardBase
Toolbar = ToolbarTk


@_Backend.export
class _BackendTk(_Backend):
    required_interactive_framework = "tk"
    FigureManager = FigureManagerTk

    @classmethod
    def new_figure_manager_given_figure(cls, num, figure):
        """
        Create a new figure manager instance for the given figure.
        """
        with _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
            window = tk.Tk(className="matplotlib")
            window.withdraw()

            # Put a mpl icon on the window rather than the default tk icon.
            # Tkinter doesn't allow colour icons on linux systems, but tk>=8.5
            # has a iconphoto command which we call directly. Source:
            # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/tkinter-discuss/2006-November/000954.html
            icon_fname = os.path.join(
                rcParams['datapath'], 'images', 'matplotlib.ppm')
            icon_img = tk.PhotoImage(file=icon_fname, master=window)
            try:
                window.iconphoto(False, icon_img)
            except Exception as exc:
                # log the failure (due e.g. to Tk version), but carry on
                _log.info('Could not load matplotlib icon: %s', exc)

            canvas = cls.FigureCanvas(figure, master=window)
            manager = cls.FigureManager(canvas, num, window)
            if matplotlib.is_interactive():
                manager.show()
                canvas.draw_idle()
            return manager

    @staticmethod
    def trigger_manager_draw(manager):
        manager.show()

    @staticmethod
    def mainloop():
        managers = Gcf.get_all_fig_managers()
        if managers:
            managers[0].window.mainloop()